confirmation bias: the tendency to believe information is credible if it conforms to the reader’s/viewer’s existing belief system, or not credible if it does not conform
content farm or content mill: a company that employs a staff of freelance writers to create content designed to satisfy search engine retrieval algorithms with the goal of attracting views and advertising revenue
echo chamber: a situation in which information, ideas, or beliefs are amplified or reinforced by transmission and repetition inside an “enclosed” system, where different or competing views are censored, disallowed, or otherwise underrepresented
fact checking: the act of verifying assertions either prior to publication or after dissemination of the content
filter bubble: When search tool results present stories we are likely to click on or share based on our past activity, potentially affirming our biases
herding phenomenon: as more journalists begin to cover a story, even more journalists are likely to join the herd, imitating the angle the story initially took rather than developing alternate or original approaches or angles
native advertising: paid, sponsored content designed to look like the legitimate content produced by the media outlet.
triangulation or cross-verification: Researchers establish validity by using several research methods and by analyzing and examining multiple perspectives and sources in the hope that diverse viewpoints can shed greater light on a topic.
satisficing: a blending of the words satisfy and suffice to refer to the tendency of people, bounded by time limitations, to select good enough information over optimal information
virality: the rapid circulation of media from one user to another.
The Spectrum of News Sources graphic is designed to present a visual representation of news sources – highlighting both their quality and partisanship. Author Vanessa Otero created the original version of this chart for infrequent readers in order to help them distinguish “between decent news sources and terrible news sources”. However, frequent and non-frequent readers alike have widely shared and discussed this graphic on social media in the last few weeks. To highlight this relevant topic of news evaluation, UC Merced library staff adapted this graphic for display.
Though not everyone may agree with the placement of sources on this chart, this graphic is intended to create a rich conversation about the evaluation of news publications. We recognize that the nuances of news coverage cannot be captured in a single graphic.
Do you agree with the placement of the news sources on this graph? Why or why not? What are some of the news sources you read most? How much of your news do you get through friends, family, Facebook or other social media? How do you decide what news sources and news articles are trustworthy?
For more detailed information, see the UC Merced Library Source Spectrum website.
Various versions of the Media Bias Chart were created by Vanessa Otero. For a detailed explanation on the original reasoning and methodology behind the chart, click here. To review various versions of the chart, click here. For chart licensing information, click here.